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20. Subordinate and Coordinate sentences
Exercise #1: Turn each of the following sentences into a single sentence through the coordinate or correlative conjunctions: FANBOYS: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so.
1. The Depression of the 1930's was not only unexpected. It was also unnecessary.
1.
2. Ex-convicts often return to crime soon after their release. They find it difficult to get a decent paying job.
2.
3. The true firearm enthusiast gets excited by just shooting a gun. Touching and cleaning a gun also excite him. Killing with a gun is overwhelming.
3.
4. Anger is a common result of low self-esteem. Violence is another. The most common result, however, is withdrawal from reality through drugs. Sometimes this withdrawal is achieved through alcohol.
4.
5. Chris thinks he will spend his spare time reading the complete works of Hemingway and Faulkner. The only other possibility would be to spend his spare time sleeping.
5.
Exercise #2: Subordinate by dependent clause.
Connect the two sentences by converting one of them into a dependent clause. Here are some subordinate conjunctions you might use:
although, even though, as, because, since, unless, when, where, whereas, while, who(m), which, that, whose, if, then...
1. After eating you should wait two hours before meditating. The digestive process prevents the full use of the mind.
1.
2. I have always wanted to go to Nantucket. Nantucket island inspired Herman Melville's Moby Dick.
2.
3. In the nineteenth century Coca-Cola had cocaine in it. Cocaine was considered a helpful stimulant like caffeine.
3.
4. Most teachers oppose extending the school year beyond the customary nine months. Most parents favor the plan.
4.
5. Faith's mother told her that she could marry any man she chose. The only condition was that he was rich.
5.
6. The Kodiak Bear is the largest bear and usually does not attack humans. This generalization did not hold true during our summer in Alaska, for we heard reports of three different attacks on humans.
6.
7. There are only three species of gnat in California. All of them now appear on the endangered species list.
7.
8. The audience gave a standing ovation. The school's performance of "Blithe Sprit" was phenomenal.
8.
9. Buffalo Bill was a buffalo hunter and an Indian fighter. Unfortunately, he became the symbol of the American West.
9.
10. There are always good and bad students. The trick to teaching is to have the more advanced students inspire the weaker ones to try harder.
10.
Exercise #3: Subordinate by appositive phrase:
Subordinate the sentences by converting all the sentences but the first into an appositive phrase. For example,
original: Harry Weeks is a black-belt in karate. He is also a teacher of ecology and biology.
revision: Harry Weeks, a teacher of ecology and biology, is a black-belt in karate.
1. The appositive is a great favorite among professional writers. However, it is a device neglected among beginning writers.
1.
2. Doug Fenn charges $50 for kayak lessons during the summer. He is one of the best kayakers in the Wood River Valley.
2.
3. I remember my 10th grade English teacher well. He was a tree hugger. He was vehement about teaching his students to appreciate syntactical virtuosity. He was also infatuated with fly fishing and wilderness travel.
3.
Exercise #4: Subordinate by participial phrase:
Subordinate the sentences by converting the sentence(s) into participial phrases. For example,
original: I could feel the hot breath on my shoulder. I suddenly realized that the bear was right
behind me.
revision: Feeling the hot breath on my shoulder, I suddenly realized that the bear was ought behind
me.
1. The teacher was trying follow democratic principles. He asked the class to grade themselves on their most recent essay.
1.
2. Chris suspected that something was wrong with Tracy. He begged Tracy to open up and share her feelings with him.
2.
3. Patty was overwhelmed by his poetic language. She was enchanted by the sound of his voice. She was enthralled with his sensitivity. She concluded that he could not be sincere.
3.
4. Gordon was drinking his third Red Bull. He was playing Nintendo hockey on the television. He was listening to Black Flag on 10. He could not hear the phone ring.
4.
5. Dillon slammed down the receiver. She was infuriated with Reid's indifference to her feelings. She hoped she would damage his eardrum.
5.
ANSWERS:
Exercise #1: Turn each of the following sentences into a single sentence through the coordinate or correlative conjunctions.
1. The Depression of the 1930's was not only unexpected. It was also unnecessary.
1. The Depression of the 1930's was unexpected and unnecessary. -correlative conjunction
2. Ex-convicts often return to crime soon after their release. They find it difficult to get a decent paying job.
2. Ex-convicts often return to crime soon after their release and find it difficult to get a decent paying job. -conjucntion coordinates two independent clauses
3. The true firearm enthusiast gets excited by just shooting a gun. Touching and cleaning a gun also excite him. Killing with a gun is overwhelming.
3. The true firearm enthusiast gets excited by just touching, cleaning, and shooting a gun, but killing with a gun is overwhelming.
4. Anger is a common result of low self-esteem. Violence is another. The most common result, however, is withdrawal from reality through drugs. Sometimes this withdrawal is achieved through alcohol.
4. Anger, violence are common results of low self-esteem, but withdrawal from reality through drugs or alcohol is the most common result.
5. Chris thinks he will spend his spare time reading the complete works of Hemingway and Faulkner. The only other possibility would be to spend his spare time sleeping.
5. Chris thinks he will spend his spare time reading the complete works of Hemingway and Faulkner, for the only other possibility would be to spend his spare time sleeping.
Exercise #2: Subordinate by dependent clause.
Connect the two sentences by converting one of them into a dependent clause. Here are some subordinate conjunctions you might use:
although, even though, as, because, since, unless, when, where, whereas, while, who(m), which, that, whose, if, then...
1. After eating you should wait two hours before meditating. The digestive process prevents the full use of the mind.
1. After eating you should wait two hours before meditating because the digestive process prevents the full use of the mind.
2. I have always wanted to go to Nantucket. Nantucket island inspired Herman Melville's Moby Dick.
2. I have always wanted to go to Nantucket because Nantucket island inspired Herman Melville's Moby Dick.
3. In the nineteenth century Coca-Cola had cocaine in it. Cocaine was considered a helpful stimulant like caffeine.
3. In the nineteenth century Coca-Cola had cocaine in it because cocaine was considered a helpful stimulant like caffeine.
4. Most teachers oppose extending the school year beyond the customary nine months. Most parents favor the plan.
4. While most teachers oppose extending the school year beyond the customary nine months, most parents favor the plan.
5. Faith's mother told her that she could marry any man she chose. The only condition was that he was rich.
5. Although Faith's mother told her that she could marry any man she chose, the only condition was that he was rich.
6. The Kodiak Bear is the largest bear and usually does not attack humans. This generalization did not hold true during our summer in Alaska, for we heard reports of three different attacks on humans.
6. Although the Kodiak Bear is the largest bear and usually does not attack humans, this generalization did not hold true during our summer in Alaska, for we heard reports of three different attacks on humans.
7. There are three species of gnat in California. All of them now appear on the endangered species list.
7. Even though there are only three species of gnat in California, all of them now appear on the endangered species list.
8. The audience gave a standing ovation. The school's performance of "Blithe Sprit" was phenomenal.
8. The audience gave a standing ovation because the school's performance of "Blithe Sprit" was phenomenal.
9. Buffalo Bill was a buffalo hunter and an Indian fighter. Unfortunately he became the symbol of the American West.
9. Even though Buffalo Bill was a buffalo hunter and an Indian fighter, he became the symbol of the American West.
10. There are always good and bad students. The trick to teaching is to have the better students inspire the weaker ones to try harder.
10. Since there are always good and bad students, the trick to teaching is to have the better students inspire the weaker ones to try harder.
Exercise #3: Subordinate by appositive phrase:
Subordinate the sentences by converting all the sentences but the first into an appositive phrase. For example,
original: Harry Weeks is a black-belt in karate. He is also a teacher of ecology and biology.
revision: Harry Weeks, a teacher of ecology and biology, is a black-belt in karate.
1. The appositive is a great favorite among professional writers. However, it is a device neglected among beginning writers.
1. The appositive, a device neglected among beginning writers, is a great favorite among professional writers.
2. Doug Fenn charges $50 for kayak lessons during the summer. He is one of the best kayakers in the Wood River Valley.
2. Doug Fenn, one of the best kayakers in the Wood River Valley, charges $50 for kayak lessons during the summer..
3. . I remember my 10th grade English teacher well. He was a tree hugger. He was vehement about teaching his students to appreciate syntactical virtuosity. He was also infatuated with fly fishing and wilderness travel.
3. I remember well my 10th grade English teacher-a tree hugger, fly fisherman, and wilderness traveler who was vehement about teaching his students to appreciate syntactical virtuosity.
4. Practicing the holy tradition of river worship, the young Americans dipped their hands into the water of the River Ganges and then lifted them solemnly toward the sun. This is an ancient ritual practiced by Hindu Holy men. It is a rite of purification for the body and three soul.
4. Practicing the holy tradition of river worship, an ancient ritual practiced by Hindu Holy men as a rite of purification for the body and the soul, the young Americans dipped their hands into the water of the River Ganges and then lifted them solemnly toward the sun.
Exercise #4: Subordinate by participial phrase:
Subordinate the sentences by converting sentence(s) into participial phrases. For example,
original: I could feel the hot breath on my shoulder. I suddenly realized that the bear was right
behind me.
revision: Feeling the hot breath on my shoulder, I suddenly realized that the bear was ought behind
me.
1. The teacher was trying follow democratic principles. He asked the class to grade themselves on their most recent essay.
1. Trying follow democratic principles, the teacher asked the class to grade themselves on their most recent essay.
2. Chris suspected that something was wrong with Tracy. He begged Tracy to open up ad share her feelings with him.
2. Suspecting that something was wrong with Tracy, Chris begged her to open up ad share her feelings with him.
3. Patty was overwhelmed by his poetic language. She was enchanted by the sound of his voice. She was enthralled with his sensitivity. She concluded that he could not be sincere.
3. Overwhelmed by his poetic language, enchanted by the sound of his voice, and enthralled with his sensitivity, Patty concluded that he could not be sincere.
4. Gordon was drinking his third Red Bull. He was playing Nintendo hockey on the television. He was listening to Black Flag on 10. He could not hear the phone ring.
4. Drinking his third Red Bull, playing Nintendo hockey on the television, and listening to Black Flag on 10, Gordon could not hear the phone ring.
5. Dillon slammed down the receiver. She was infuriated with Reid's indifference to her feelings. She hoped she could damage his eardrum.
5. Infuriated with Reid's indifference to her feelings and hoping she could damage his eardrum, Dillon slammed down the receiver.
-place the action associated with damaging the eardrum closest to Dillon.
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